OPERA DOCENDI
ПРЕПОДАВАНЕТО НА РИМСКО ПРАВО
The study of Roman law has a thousand-year tradition. As early as ancient Rome, legal knowledge was considered basic along with general literacy and was acquired in the family. This is evidenced by the verses from the comedy "Ghost" by Titus Maccius Plautus (254-184 BC), created in the late third century BC.
T. MACCI PLAVTI MOSTELLARIA, 121-129
primumdum parentes fabri liberum sunt:
ei fundamentum substruont liberorum;
extollunt, parant sedulo in firmitatem
et ut in usum boni et in speciem
poplo sint sibique, haud materiae reparcunt
nec sumptus ibi sumptui esse ducunt;
expoliunt: docent litteras, iura leges,
sumptu suo et labore
nituntur, ut alii sibi esse illorum similis expetant.
Primumdum parentes fabri liberum sunt:
ei fundamentum substruont liberorum;
extollunt, parant sedulo in firmitatem
et ut in usum boni et in speciem~
poplo sint sibique, haud materiae reparcunt
nec sumptus ibi sumptui esse ducunt;
expoliunt: docent litteras, iura leges,
sumptu suo et labore
nituntur, ut alii sibi esse illorum similis expetant.
Превод: Доротея Табакова, Тит Макций Плавт. Призракът: комедия, ИК „Прозорец“ ООД, 1994
Law is also studied in connection with the practical work of Roman jurists, called iurisprudentes and considered to be its profound and skilled connoisseurs. Circles of listeners and aides are formed around them and around the speakers who defend the rights of Roman citizens in court cases. send to the judges or give to anyone who has consulted them on a legal case.
Roman jurisprudence emerged towards the end of the Republic. The compilation of commentaries and treatises on civil law, on the law of nations and on the praetorian edict is not an end of science itself. In Rome, any activity of lawyers, incl. and the interpretative one, is aimed at law enforcement - in order to support it, to clarify or clarify the norms and, if necessary, to propose their correction. The Sabinian and Proculean schools mentioned since the beginning of the Principle are circles of like-minded lawyers who defend traditional legal positions or seek to re-form the law in view of the new political, economic and social reality created by the era of Emperor Octavian Augustus. But around every prominent lawyer there are always a significant number of young and not so young people who draw on his knowledge, gradually learn the "art of good and fair", help with advice, transcribe and disseminate his opinions and eventually start an independent practice of lawyers.
The timing of the establishment of law schools as legal training institutions cannot be defined unambiguously. Certainly, however, their beginning is already set in the second century, as almost all of the classical jurists also compose works intended to give the basic knowledge of law to future jurists (Institutiones). Guy (130-180 AD) is one of the most famous composers of such works, probably entirely devoted to teaching, with such authority and so famous that his colleagues call him Gaius noster.
This is a centuries-old practice from the 6th century, when Emperor Justinian ordered the creation of a codification of the imperial constitutions and the opinions of jurists with ius publicum respondendi, as well as an elementary textbook on law, traditionally called Institutiones. In the OMNEM constitution, issued on December 16, 533, it set out the curriculum for lawyers throughout the empire. With a special constitution issued on November 21, 533, he also approved the Institutions. The Constitution is addressed to the youth devoted to the study of law - CUPIDAE LEGUM IUVENTUTI and concludes:
…Summa itaque ope et alacri studio has leges nostras accipite et vosmet ipsos sic eruditos ostendite, ut spes vos pulcherrima foveat, toto legitimo opere perfecto, posse etiam nostram rem publicam in partibus eius vobis credendis gubernare.
Proemium de confirmatione Institutionum, data XI kal. Decembres Constantinopoli domino nostro Iustiniano perpetuo Augusto, tertium consule.
… И така прегърнете с отличителна страст изучаването на тези закони и се докажете като особено подготвени, за да имате така хубавата надежда в края на вашето обучение да бъдете способни да поемете управлението на нашата държава в онези му части, които ви бъдат поверени.
Предговор към Институциите, направен на 21 ноември 533 г. в Константинопол, от божествения Юстиниан, август и консул за трети път.
The study of Roman law has never ceased over the centuries. The Roman law tradition is taught in the universities of Byzantium, in the church schools of Western Europe. It was preserved in the Early Middle Ages to revive its teaching at the University of Bologna in the late eleventh century.
Thanks to the development of Roman jurisprudence, but also to the training of lawyers through its study, the codifications of the New Age were created.
Roman law was one of the compulsory subjects studied at the newly established Faculty of Law at Sofia University in 1892. The names of Professor Petar Danchev, Marko Balabanov, Simeon Angelov, Ivan Bazanov, Petko Venedikov, Michail Andreev, Associate Professor Rumen Chosist and Associate Professor Teodor Piperkov remains to be contacted for their teaching.
Nowadays, the major universities in Europe and Latin America is taught Roman private law as a compulsory subject, considered the basis of modern civil law.
In addition, interest in Roman public law has grown significantly in recent decades. It is already being studied in considerable depth not only in Italy, where it is an element of the formation of national public law, but also in many other European countries as a foundation of modern public law and in comparative and historical terms.
In Bulgaria, Roman public law was first discussed in 2012 in connection with the implementation of a research project of the Faculty of Law of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski ”and the organization of a large international scientific conference.
The collection of articles and reports published by her marked the beginning of a new elective course, approved by a decision of the Faculty Council of the Faculty of Law of Sofia University, as well as by decisions of the Faculty Council of Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski" and the Council of the Department of The new Bulgarian university. It started in the academic year 2013/2014 and enjoys great interest from students.
IUVENTUTI CUPIDAE LEGUM!
In this section of the site we would like to set the beginning of useful information related to the study of Roman law at the Faculty of Law of Sofia University. We hope that it will help students from other law schools, as well as all those who have a special interest in the law of ancient Rome and its design in modern legal systems.
In this section we have provided the most general information about the subjects taught at the Faculty of Law of Sofia University, as details about the curriculum, schedule and current lectures, compulsory literature, etc. are contained on the page on Roman law on the official website of the faculty - http://www.law.uni-sofia.bg. Here is the basic literature on Roman law in Bulgarian, Russian, Italian, Spanish, French and English, which is available in libraries, in whole or in part on the Internet or can be ordered. There is a separate section dedicated to virtual resources on Roman law. We have also presented all professors of Roman law from the establishment of the faculty to the present day, as the data are from the Almanac of the Faculty of Law, which is about to be published. The section also includes the presentations made on the occasion of the celebrations of two famous lecturers - Prof. Mihail Andreev and Ch. Assistant Professor Teodor Piperkov - unfortunately, for both these celebrations were In memoriam.
We hope that this will be useful to all who will find their vocation in the in-depth study of Roman law and in joining its teaching in Bulgarian universities.
We express our gratitude in advance to all those who, driven by their interest in the study and teaching of Roman law, help us to supplement and enrich this section, and also send us their recommendations and opinions on how to make our classes in these disciplines even more interesting. and useful.
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